MnCeOx/沸石催化剂对工业典型VOCs的催化性能

以沸石为载体制备了锰铈复合氧化物催化剂（记为:MnCeO_x/沸石催化剂）,探究了催化剂对工业典型VOCs的二元催化性能,并对催化剂进行BET、XRD及SEM表征。结果表明:Ce的加入,促进了Mn的分散,提高了MnCeO_x/沸石催化剂的活性;当n（Mn）∶n（Ce）为1∶1,负载率为20%,焙烧温度为500℃时,催化剂的活性最高,其对甲苯的起燃温度（T₅₀）和完全燃烧温度（T₉₀）分别为155,255℃;单组分实验中,催化剂对3种有机物均表现出较高活性,转化率达到90%时的反应温度均在275℃以下,其活性顺序为乙酸乙酯>甲苯>丙酮,主要受反应活化能大小及分子极性的影响;二元催化实验中,由于竞争吸附的影响,3种物质的T₅₀和T₉₀较单组分均分别提高了8~13,14~38℃。     

光合细菌强化SBR系统处理垃圾渗滤液及生物群落结构分析

从垃圾渗滤液中分离得到一株具有脱氮除磷能力的光合细菌R1,经鉴定为沼泽红假单胞菌（Rhodopseudomonas palustris）,将其投加到SBR系统中,研究对其强化处理垃圾渗滤液的效果,并解析反应器中的菌群构成。结果表明:添加了光合细菌的实验组SBR反应器对COD、NH₄+-N和TP去除率分别达到76.895%、65.964%和94.036%,且污泥产量明显少于对照组。高通量测序结果表明:变形菌门、绿弯菌门、厚壁菌门、酸杆菌门和拟杆菌门为主要优势菌门。在Caldilineaceae、Acinetobacter、Pseudomonas等共同作用下,R1不仅能够稳定存在于活性污泥中,还能够有效改善活性污泥中微生物群落结构,提升其脱氮除磷的性能。     

粗放型绿色屋顶基质层对降雨出流水质影响

为研究粗放型绿色屋顶基质层对雨水出流N、P、COD和SS淋失的影响,根据华中地区降雨强度和水质实际情况,构建了3种不同基材配方的绿色屋顶基质层,在9场模拟暴雨下进行绿色屋顶的基质出流水质监测。结果表明:本试验各绿色屋顶设施对TN、NH₄+-N、NO₃--N和SS都有较好的削减作用,但对TP和PO₄3--P淋失现象明显,绿色屋顶的出流中以颗粒态P和溶解态N为主;去除出流中SS,对净化COD效果显著;生物炭的添加对出流污染物有明显的控制作用,能有效缓解降雨初期污染物浓度高的问题,同时能显著增加植物地上部生物量;厚度为5 cm的绿色屋顶出流水中N和COD较10 cm厚度低,但其SS出流平均浓度偏高,且植物后期不能维持良好的长势。粗放型绿色屋顶设施运行稳定后截污效应良好,具有较高的可行性和广阔的应用前景。     

除Cd (Ⅱ)重金属吸附剂——巯基乙酰化玉米秸秆的制备

以玉米秸秆（CS）、巯基乙酸（TGA）为原料,通过化学反应制备出重金属吸附剂——巯基乙酰化玉米秸秆（MACS）,考察MACS对水样中Cd （Ⅱ）的去除性能,采用单因素实验法对MACS的制备条件进行优化研究。结果表明,MACS的优化制备条件为:CS粒径为0.20 mm （80目）,m（催化剂NHS）:m（EDC·HCl）为0.5:1,m（CS）:V（TGA）为1:5,反应介质pH值为5.0,反应温度25℃,反应时间2 h。在此条件下制备的MACS对水样中Cd （Ⅱ）的吸附效率可达到61.57%。红外分析表明,CS分子链中成功引入了巯基。     

基于在线监测+模型的海绵城市建设径流水量控制效果研究

以青岛市海绵城市典型项目区为研究区,通过收集、整理和概化汇水区资料,构建了研究区降雨径流模型——SWMM模型。利用2018年雨季的降雨-径流实时监测数据,进行了模型关键参数的率定和模型验证,研究了海绵城市建设在削减径流量、增加入渗与滞蓄雨量方面的定量效果。结果显示:海绵改造后,不同降雨强度下形成径流的雨量占总雨量的平均比例由56%下降至29%;下渗雨水的平均比例由40%增加至60%,滞蓄深度由0.63 mm增加至5 mm。海绵改造前后研究区场降雨径流总量控制率变化显著,当以1~10年一遇的短历时（120 min）设计降雨作为模型边界条件进行模拟时,海绵化改造后场次降雨径流总量控制率提高了26%~34%,认为研究区基本达到了海绵城市关于水量控制的建设要求。     

雨水管道沉积物中典型无机氮的干期粒径分布

以南京江北新区分流制雨水管道沉积物为研究对象,考察不同粒径沉积物中铵态氮（NH₃-N）和硝态氮（NO₃^--N）干期分布特征,分析其随干期长度的变化关系,并探讨沉积物理化性质及微生物菌群结构对NH₃-N和NO₃^--N干期分布的影响.结果表明：粒径≤0.075mm的沉积物中NH₃-N占比最高（交通区30.8%,商业区36.7%）;交通区粒径≤0.075mm的沉积物中NO₃^--N占比最高（33.0%）,而商业区粒径0.075~0.15mm沉积物中NO₃^--N占比最高（34.4%）;干期长度与交通区0.075~0.15mm粒径段的沉积物中NO₃^--N含量及商业区粒径≥0.3mm的沉积物中NH₃-N含量之间的相关性均最显著;雨水管道沉积物中NH₃-N和NO₃^--N的干期分布与O-H和N-H等官能团、表面极性和亲水性、微观形貌等有一定关联;交通区雨水管道沉积物中Gemmobacter等反硝化优势菌种（相对丰度总和为20.15%）对NO₃^--N干期分布影响更显著.     

Tuning the fill percentage in the hydrothermal synthesis process to increase catalyst performance for ozone decomposition

The performance of Ce-OMS-2 catalysts was improved by tuning the fill percentage in the hydrothermal synthesis process to increase the oxygen vacancy density. The Ce-OMS-2 samples were prepared with different fill percentages by means of a hydrothermal approach (i.e. 80%, 70%, 50% and 30%). Ce-OMS-2 with 80% fill percentage (Ce-OMS-2-80%) showed ozone conversion of 97%, and a lifetime experiment carried out for more than 20?days showed that the activity of the catalyst still remained satisfactorily high (91%). For Ce-OMS-2-80%, Mn ions in the framework as well as K ions in the tunnel sites were replaced by Ce⁴⁺, while for the others only Mn ions were replaced. O₂-TPD and H₂-TPR measurements proved that the Ce-OMS-2-80% catalyst possessed the greatest number of mobile surface oxygen species. XPS and XAFS showed that increasing the fill percentage can reduce the AOS of Mn and augment the amount of oxygen vacancies. The active sites, which accelerate the elimination of O₃, can be enriched by increasing the oxygen vacancies. These findings indicate that increasing ozone removal can be achieved by tuning the fill percentage in the hydrothermal synthesis process.     

预处理对园林垃圾混合物料联合厌氧发酵的影响

采用超声、微波及碱热预处理技术强化园林垃圾、厨余垃圾与果蔬垃圾联合厌氧发酵产气性能,并以未进行预处理的实验组作为对照。结果表明:4组实验pH值在2 d内迅速降低至7.24~7.45,反应后期可稳定在7.7~8.0,表明厌氧消化系统有较强的稳定性。挥发性脂肪酸（volatile fatty acids,VFA）浓度在第2~4天内达到最大值。乙酸和丙酸是4组实验中VFA的主要成分,两者比例之和在70%以上。VFA浓度在第13天后降低到500 mg/L以下,且以乙酸为主。氨氮（TAN）浓度在前4 d内出现一定波动,随后逐渐升高至2190~2410 mg/L。游离氨氮（FAN）浓度呈先降低后增加趋势,并在第13天后逐渐趋于稳定,为144~209 mg/L。沼气中甲烷比例在第2天后均超过50%,并在第11~12天时达到最大值61.4%~63.8%。修正的Gomperts模型模拟结果表明:预处理技术可缩短反应体系厌氧产沼的适应时间,提高前期产气速率。除此之外,超声预处理与碱热预处理可显著提高基质甲烷产率,由未处理时的396 mL/g分别提高到601,536 mL/g,而微波预处理使得反应体系甲烷产量略有降低。     

Role of glycine on sulfuric acid-ammonia clusters formation: Transporter or participator

Glycine(Gly) is ubiquitous in the atmosphere and plays a vital role in new particle formation(NPF).However,the potential mechanism of its on sulfuric acid(SA)-ammonia(A)clusters formation under various atmospheric conditions is still ambiguous.Herein,a(Gly)_x·(SA)_y·(A)_z(z≤x+y≤3) multicomponent system was investigated by using density functional theory(DFT) combined with Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code(ACDC) at different temperatures and precursor concentrations.The results show that Gly,with one carboxyl(-COOH) and one amine(-NH_2) group,can interact strongly with SA and A in two directions through hydrogen bonds or proton transfer.Within the relevant range of atmospheric concentrations,Gly can enhance the formation rate of SA-A-based clusters,especially at low temperature,low [SA],and median [A].The enhancement(R) of Gly on NPF can be up to 340 at T=218.15 K,[SA]=10~4,[A]=10~9,and [Gly]=10~7 molecules/cm~3.In addition,the main growth paths of clusters show that Gly molecules participate into cluster formation in the initial stage and eventually leave the cluster by evaporation in subsequent cluster growth at low [Gly],it acts as an important "transporter" to connect the smaller and larger cluster.With the increase of [Gly],it acts as a "participator" directly participating in NPF.     

Adsorption of 17β-estradiol from aqueous solution by raw and direct/pre/post-KOH treated lotus seedpod biochar

Five biochars derived from lotus seedpod(LSP) were applied to examine and compare the adsorption capacity of 17β-estradiol(E2) from aqueous solution.The effect of KOH activation and the order of activation steps on material properties were discussed.The effect of contact time,initial concentration,p H,ionic strength and humic acid on E2 adsorption were investigated in a batch adsorption process.Experimental results demonstrated that the pseudo second-order model fitted the experimental data best and that adsorption equilibrium was reached within 20 hr.The efficiency of E2 removal increased with increasing E2 concentration and decreased with the increase of ionic strength.E2 adsorption on LSP-derived biochar(BCs) was influenced little by humic acid,and slightly affected by the solution p H when its value ranged from 4.0 to 9.0,but considerably affected at p H 10.0.Low environmental temperature is favorable for E2 adsorption.Chemisorption,π–π interactions,monolayer adsorption and electrostatic interaction are the possible adsorption mechanisms.Comparative studies indicated that KOH activation and the order of activation steps had significant impacts on the material.Post-treated biochar exhibited better adsorption capacity for E2 than direct treated,pretreated,and raw LSP biochar.Pyrolyzed biochar at higher temperature improved E2 removal.The excellent performance of BCs in removing E2 suggested that BCs have potential in E2 treatment and that the biochar directly treated by KOH would be a good choice for the treatment of E2 in aqueous solution,with its advantages of good efficiency and simple technology.